Not all solar panels are created equal, and you’ll find that there are actually a lot more options out there on the solar market than you might have initially believed. One of the many different decisions you’ll need to make when buying solar panels is between monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels. It’s widely understood that monocrystalline solar modules are more efficient than their polycrystalline counterparts—but what is it, exactly, that makes them more efficient? Keep reading to find out.
Manufacturing Process
To understand why monocrystalline panels are more efficient, you’ll need to understand the differences in how they’re manufactured. As their name implies, monocrystalline solar cells are made up of one (mono) silicon crystal (crystalline). In the manufacturing process, the manufacturer actually crows a single crystal of silicone, known as a boule, which is then sliced into thin wafers. This creates a uniform structure, and that uniformity is what makes the monocrystalline cells more efficient; they allow the electrons to move around more freely.
On the other hand, polycrystalline panels are made from many (hence, poly) silicone crystals that are melted together. These many silicone fragments, once melted together, are then poured into a mold. Despite the melting process, this still creates multiple crystals within each cell, which causes electron pathways to be less efficient and reduces overall performance.
Silicone Purity
Of course, it’s more than just the uniformity that contributes to the higher efficiency of monocrystalline panels; the purity of the silicone also plays a role. The single-crystal structure in these cells means they contain fewer impurities. Impurities in the silicon crystals increase resistance, so fewer impurities means more efficient electron movement. With its multiple crystal boundaries, polycrystalline silicon naturally contains more impurities, which further impedes electron flow through the cells.
In every aspect of a solar power system, decreasing resistance is essential to improving efficiency. The purer and more uniform the silicon crystals are, the more efficient each solar cell will be, and the more efficient your entire solar array will be as well.
Are Monocrystalline Solar Panels Worth It?
If you’re comparing polycrystalline and monocrystalline solar modules for sale, you’ll quickly notice that monocrystalline panels have a higher price tag. Is it worth it? Ultimately, the decision is up to you. However, when comparing those price tags, keep in mind that higher efficiency always translates to increased savings on your power costs, so those more expensive panels usually end up costing less throughout their lifespan.
